- Molecular Tests : collections of techniques used to analyse biological markers in the genome and proteome - the individuals genetic code and how their cells expresses their genes as proteins. Real Time Reverse Transcription PCR is the one such molecular test that is used to diagnose the covid - 19 infection.
- Serological Tests : tests usually refers to the diagnosis identification of antibodies in the serum and these antibodies are typically formed in the response to an infection , against others foreign proteins , or to own bodies proteins. Rapid Diagnosis Test ( RDT ) Kits are used to diagnose the covid - 19 infection.
It is known as RT - PCR because this PCR uses an enzyme called as Reverse Transcriptase that carries out Reverse Transcription by converting RNA into DNA which is just reverse of Transcription and that is the principle over which the diagnosis of covid - 19 infection via RT - PCR is based on. This RT - PCR can be run into real time for Quantification of PCR product that why its together known as Real Time RT - PCR.
- Specimen is first collected from infected patients which includes Nasopharyngeal , Oropharyngeal Swab , Sputum , Broncoalveolar lavage and Faeces too. After collection of specimen Lysis Buffer is added in the specimen containing virus in order to extract the viral RNA as the subjective pathogen is a ss - RNA virus.
- RNA is than purified from specimen using a Spin which contains stationary Silica matrix , so when sample is allowed to pass through the spin column RNA molecules gets attached to the silica matrix. After that Elution Buffer is added to spin column in order to remove the RNA from silica matrix to further proceed the diagnosis process ahead.
- Separated free RNA molecules are than added to the Master Buffer that contains Reverse Transcriptase , DNA Polymerase , Primers , dNTPs , and TaqMan probe which contains quencher and reporter dye attached to it , this is followed by loading the reaction mixture in the PCR plate which is than placed in the PCR Thermocycler machine.
- This allows the amplification of the desired target sites for which we are looking in like RdRp gene , E gene , N gene in case of Coronavirus , which is done by first Reverse Transcription by recruitment of Reverse Transcriptase resulting in the DNA strand synthesis complementary to RNA strand.
- RNA - DNA hybrid is denatured which is the initial step of PCR and carried out at 95 degree celsius followed by annealing which includes attachment of primer at 3 prime end of the DNA and carried out at 58 degree celsius , DNA polymerase is than recruited on the DNA - Primer junction to extend primer in order to synthesized ds - DNA and is the last step of the PCR which is Extension.
- In the next PCR cycle this ds - DNA is than denatured followed by attachment of forward and backward primers on the different strands of the denatured DNA , on the other TaqMan probe binds to target site simultaneously and when DNA polymerase reaches to TaqMan probe it results in separation of reporter from quencher and reporter dye emits fluorescence indicating presence of SARS - CoV - 2.
TIME TAKEN : 4 - 6 hours.
EFFICACY : Most accurate for covid - 19 infection and has excellent efficacy.
RAPID DIAGNOSIS TEST KITS :
The covid - 19 Rapid Diagnosis Test kit is a Qualitative Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS - CoV - 2 in the whole blood , serum or plasma.
- The test cassette contains recombinant SARS - CoV - 2 antigen conjugated to coloured particles. when a specimen is added to the sample well of the cassette , any IgM and IgG present in the specimen will bind to the antigen conjugate , forming coloured coronavirus antigen - antibody complexes. This mixture migrates laterally along the membrane to the test region. In this test region , anti - human IgG have been immobilised onto the membrane. These capture any IgM and IgG complexes that have formed , resulting in the appearance of coloured lines.
- Therefore if the specimen contains SARS - CoV - 2 IgM antibodies , a coloured line will appear in the IgM test line region. If the specimen contains SARS - CoV- 2 IgG antibodies , a coloured line will appear in the IgG test region.
- To serve as an internal control , a coloured line will always appear in the control line region , indicating that the proper volume of specimen and buffer has been added , and correct procedure has been followed.
TIME TAKEN : 10 - 15 minutes.
EFFICACY : 34 % - 80 % efficacy and specific IgM antibodies to SARS - CoV - 2 become detectable in 3 - 5 days after onset of symptoms. On the other hands the covid testing via real time RT - PCR can be done from the day of symptoms appear.


Very nice
ReplyDelete👌👌👌👌
ReplyDeleteReally helpful💫
ReplyDeleteVery informative👍👍
ReplyDeleteGood work!! Kudos!!
ReplyDeletevery good 👌👌👌👌
ReplyDeletenice work
ReplyDeleteSuperb keep it up
ReplyDeleteNice work 👌 👌
ReplyDeleteNice work 👍
ReplyDeleteGood... keep it up
ReplyDeleteGood
ReplyDelete👌👌👌👌 important information thanks
ReplyDeleteGreat work done bhai
ReplyDeleteNice
ReplyDeleteGud bhai
ReplyDeleteWell done Mohit negi
ReplyDeleteResourceful information🙂
ReplyDeleteKeep up the good work👍
Great ��
ReplyDeleteGreat work
ReplyDeleteVaa negi sahab
ReplyDeleteLakshay dalal puchana le
DeletePahchan liya bhai
DeleteGreat information
ReplyDeletekeep going
Thanks a lot guys for your love and support 😊😊😊😊😊
ReplyDelete